RIASSUNTO
ABSTRACT:
In Viet Nam and other Asian countries, shrimp production in coastal areas has developed rapidly over recent years. However, the expanses of shrimp ponds cause some problems including disease and environment pollution. A case study on environment quality of shrimp ponds in mangrove areas has been taken. This paper lays emphasis on: 1) to access pollution caused by the organic matters and nutrients in shrimp ponds; 2) accumulation of antibiotics in water and mud in-out of shrimp ponds. The organic and nutrient were high and increased during shrimp culture period. The concentrations of antibiotics in water and bottom mud of shrimp ponds were very high. Over 2ppm of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were observed in the water samples of shrimp pond. More than 2.5mg/1g wet-mud of norfloxacin and oxolinic acid are found. The findings drawn in this paper would be useful for farmers as well as for managers in controlling environment in shrimp pond in mangrove areas.
INTRODUCTION
Since the 1980s, when the value of sea-products has rapidly increased, shrimp culture has been widely conducted, especially in the South East Asia and the Middle and South America, using shallow sea and felling mangrove forests (G.J de Graaf and T.T Xuan, 1998). Aquaculture area including intensive aquaculture area has been expanded. Mangrove ecosystems in estuaries/inlets play an important role in aquaculture (P. N. Hong and H. T. San, 1993). It is known that mangrove ecosystems serve as nursery grounds for many marine shrimp and fish species (Mohamed and Rao, 1977) and it has been demonstrated that 1 ha of mangrove forest support 100-1000kg/year of marine fish and shrimp catch (Primavera, 1996; Turner, 1977). Viet Nam has a long coastline of 3260 km with a large extent of mangrove forests, and this is an advantage for development of shrimp culture.