RIASSUNTO
Abstract
Combining measurement, simulation, and imaging technologies into an integrated program can help operators achieve the best hydraulic fracture treatment possible. Hydrocarbon production can be significantly increased when fractures are extended to the planned length, and fracturing fluid is retained within the zone of interest. Fractures that break out of zone increase the risk of excess water production with the hydrocarbon. Consequently, the ability to select suitable operational parameters for hydraulic fracturing is critical to job success.
An evaluation of formation properties and potential barriers to hydraulic fracturing can be made with three- dimensional (3D) simulation to integrate data taken from wireline logs, waveform sonic logs, and microfrac measurements. In-situ stress orientation is determined by use of a downhole extensometer, oriented cores, anelastic strain recovery (ASR) measurements, and borehole imaging logs.
Sidewall cores can be taken perpendicular to wellbore walls without distorting the borehole or the core taken; orientation of the cores can be determined with imaging logs run after coring. Natural fractures can be viewed with a downhole video camera lowered into the well on fiberoptic cable.
Effectiveness of fracture treatments may be evaluated with various gamma ray logging techniques and production logs comparing expected production to actual zonal contribution. Refined procedures that result from after-frac analysis can be used to plan field development for optimal reservoir drainage.
Introduction
Integration of technologies and storage of digitized data taken throughout the entire life-cycle of a well, from the time of seismic study until plugging and abandonment, has been shown to have numerous benefits to the producer. In previous work, use of a computer workstation to provide accessibility to integrated data has been recommended.
Fracture treatment designs are categorized as being openhole or cased hole (Figs. 1 and 2, Page 2), but some procedures and tools can be used in both well conditions.
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