RIASSUNTO
Abstract
In this paper, in order to guarantee the security of crude oil transfer in Floating Productive Storage and Offloading (FPSO)’s production, the risky factors in lightering operations are analyzed from Men-Vessels- Environment-Management aspects according to its features. Risk assessment criteria system is built consequently. Then a risk assessment model is established with the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method applied. In the end, FPSO in PL 19-3 in the Bohai Sea is used in a case study to verify the model. The result of the case study shows that the risk is between moderate risk and relatively lower risk. Restrictions and requirements are put on the operation standards according to the results.
Introduction
Floating Productive Storage and Offloading (FPSO) is a promising technology which has played an important role in marine exploitation. Due to its unique advantages, it has been widely used in the exploitation of the open sea fields, offshore fields and marginal fields. Meanwhile, this technology has been attached importance by many research institutes and manufacturing enterprises. So it advances fast. (Wu, 2012; Zhang, 2004)
After the accident in Piper Alpha, a rig explosion in 1988 that claimed 167 lives, British Petroleum Corporation first introduced risk analysis into marine engineering. After that, Norway Petroleum Administration published two versions of standards for risk assessment of offshore platform. The former version required all offshore facilities to be assessed during the design process. Except for quantitative risk assessment, the latter one required a further risk management. Then in 1993, Norway Petroleum Administration published NORSOK to replace all internal security specifications and industrial standards in various oil companies (Fan, 2010). What’s more, international research results in lightering includes Ship to Ship Transfer Guide Petroleum (by ICS/OCIMF), Guidelines for the Handling, Storage, Inspection and Testing of Hoses in the Field (by OCIMF), Guide on Marine Terminal Fire Protection and Emergency Evacuation (by OCIMF), Inspection Guidelines for Bulk Oil Carrier (by OCIMF), etc.