RIASSUNTO
Abstract
Using photons to sense instead of electrons has many advantages, which is why photonic sensing is slowly maturing from a niche into a fully-fledged mature technology. In the O&G business, photonic sensing has gained ground and in some cases is even becoming the standard. Most of these systems are fiber or free space optics based, though. So far, this has been sufficient, but future demands for high information rate at a low cost will make it very difficult for these systems to be competitive on their own. Analogous to the electronics industry, there is also a drive in the fields of photonics for integration of functionality on integrated circuits, the so-called Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC).
In this paper we will present an overview of a novel sensing technology, based on Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuits (ASPIC) that is suitable and in some cases mature to be deployed for O&G exploration. We will touch on existing and future technologies and also explain the Multi Project Wafer model that is revolutionizing commercial ASPIC development.
Introduction
Development and exploitation of oil and gas resources must overcome numerous technical challenges that only increase with time. Real-time sensing technologies are critical for optimizing production, increasing ultimate recovery, and improving profitability of these fields. Industry development of real-time sensing technologies began as far back as the 1970's, but the deep water environment presents additional challenges that have resulted in slower uptake of these technologies. The ideal advanced sensing solution will in principle:
• Facilitate production objectives
• Simplify completions to improve overall reliability
• Minimize CAPEX/OPEX
• Maximize standardization between various well types
• Facilitate contingency interventions and deployment of selected legacy technologies
• Apply intervention-less designs, technologies, and procedures to minimize interventions
• Ensure compatibility with all aspects of sand face completion and interfaces
• Facilitate corrosion protection (chemically/metallurgically) for H2S and CO2 environment
• Allow for remedial / post completion operations and work over
• Ensure contingency service tool compatibility between upper / lower components
• Provide friendly space out of upper completion/tubing hanger
To define which technology or combination of technologies is most appropriate for real-time sensing, one must:
a) Define objectives of the well.
b) Design the well design program to meet the objectives.
c) Deploy the technologies that can provide the data and interpretation that is necessary to meet these objectives.