RIASSUNTO
This paper provides a literature review of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for disaster and pandemic management. Most nations are concerned about disasters and pandemics, which, in general, are highly unlikely events. To date, various technologies such as IoT, object sensing, UAV, 5G and cellular networks, smartphone-based system, and satellite-based systems have been used for disaster and pandemic management. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can handle multi-dimensional, large volumes of data that occur naturally in environments related to disaster and pandemic management and are particularly well suited for important related tasks such as recognition and classification. Machine learning algorithms are useful for predicting disasters and assisting in disaster management tasks such as determining crowd evacuation routes, analyzing social media posts, and handling the post-disaster situation. Machine learning algorithms also find great application in pandemic management scenarios such as predicting pandemics, monitoring pandemic spread, disease diagnosis etc. This paper first presents a tutorial on machine learning algorithms. It then presents a detailed review of several machine learning algorithms and how we can combine these algorithms with other technologies to address disaster and pandemic management. It also discusses various challenges, open issues and, directions for future research.