RIASSUNTO
ABSTRACT
In the paper, economic impacts on China's various maritime industries within two years were simulated based on the input-output model (IO model) in economics and input-output tables. As analysis, the sea ice disaster in the winter from 2009 to 2010 caused a total direct economic loss of 6.318 billion yuan in China, out of which 3,487 billion yuan was in Liaoning Province. According to the calculation results, indirect economic losses in Liaoning Province reached 885 million yuan, accounting for 25.3% of direct economic losses.
INTRODUCTION
Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea of China are on the edge of the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the seasonal icing sea regions with the lowest altitude in the world. China's sea ice is mainly frozen from sea water and the ice period is about 3 to 4 months. The area of the coastal icing regions in China accounts for about 6.0% of China’s total land area and involves nearly 20% of China's total population and 30% of China’s GDP. This area is an important economic zone in northern China and the center of northeast Asian economic circle. Due to the rapid development of marine economy, a large number of population and industries have gathered in the coastal regions. Oil-related industries such as oil exploitation, aquaculture, port shipment, petrochemical refining and metallurgy, and steel metallurgy are densely distributed in the ice-covered sea regions and corresponding coastal regions (Gu, 2014; Liu, 2017). Sea ice can damage marine structures and various offshore facilities, squeeze ships, block ports and waterways, and destroy aquaculture facilities. According to statistics of sea ice disasters, the severe sea ice disaster roughly occurs once every 5 to 6 years and sea ice disasters even occur every year in some areas. Many serious sea ice disasters have caused heavy losses (Yang, 1994; Liu 2016). For example, in the winter from 2009 to 2010, the direct economic losses caused by sea ice in China amounted to 6.318 billion yuan (Sun, 2011). Sea ice disasters are the main marine disasters in winter in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea.