RIASSUNTO
ABSTRACT
Coastal zone is one of the most active and superior area on the surface of the earth. At the same time, it is a very vulnerable ecological region with a lot of human activities. With the rapid development of China's economy in the past 20 years, the degree of development and utilization of the coastal zone has been increasing. More than 80% of the Chinese nearshore area within the scope of 1 km has been exploited in the past 20 years, and the proportion of the artificial coastline has increased to 56.29%. Inappropriate development and utilization of the coastal areas has caused a lot of ocean environment issues, e.g. the deterioration of water quality of estuaries, coastal erosion, bay siltation, ecological degradation. China has become one of the countries whose coastal environment is severely damaged, and to solve the problem of coastal zone damage has been attached more and more attention from the researchers to the public. The comprehensive renovation and restoration of coastal zone is one of the effective methods to solve it. In this paper, the current situation of coastal zone utilization in China is summarized. The research progress and classification of the comprehensive renovation and restoration of coastal zone in China over the past 20 years is reviewed. Then the differences of the technologies taken in the comprehensive remediation and restoration engineering between China and other countries are compared. Furthermore, the problems and the reasons existed in the restoration engineering are analyzed. The researches which should be carried out urgently are put forward for the future renovation and restoration engineering in the end.
INTRODUCTION
Coastal zone means the coastal waters (including the lands therein and thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands (including the waters therein and thereunder). It is the border between the sea and the land, extending a certain width from the coastline to both the land and sea sides. In China's comprehensive survey of coastal zone and tidal flat resources, it is stipulated that the width of the coastal zone extends 10 kilometers to the land and extends to the sea side to the depth of 10-15 meters. It is one of the most active and superior area on the surface of the earth.